Bowhead Whale Facts

The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) got its name from its high, arched jaw that resembles a bow. They are a cold-water whale that lives in the Arctic. Bowheads are still hunted by native whalers in the Arctic through special permission for aboriginal subsistence whaling.   Identification The bowhead whale, also known as the Greenland right whale, is about 45-60 feet long and weighs 75-100 tons when full-grown. They have a stocky appearance and no dorsal fin. Bowheads are mostly blue-black in coloration, but have white on their jaw and belly, and a patch on their tail stock (peduncle) that gets whiter with age. Bowheads also have stiff hairs on their jaws. The flippers of a bowhead whale are broad, paddle-shaped and about six feet long. Their tail can be 25 feet across from tip to tip. The bowheads blubber layer is over 1 1/2 feet thick, which provides insulation against the cold waters of the Arctic. Bowheads can be individually identified using scars on their bodies that they get from ice. These whales are capable of breaking through several inches of ice to get to the water surface. An Interesting Discovery In 2013, a study  described a new organ  in bowhead whales. Amazingly, the organ is 12 feet long and wasnt yet described by scientists.   The organ is located on the roof of a bowhead whales mouth and is made of a sponge-like tissue. It was discovered by scientists during the processing of a bowhead whale by natives. They think that it is used to regulate heat, and possibly for detecting prey and regulating baleen growth. Read more here. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetartiodactyla Infraorder:  Cetacea Superfamily: Mysticeti Family: Balaenidae Genus: Balaena Species: mysticetus Habitat Distribution The bowhead is a cold-water species, living in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding waters. Click here for a range map. The largest and most well-studied population is found off Alaska and Russia in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.   There are  additional populations between Canada and Greenland, north of Europe, in the Hudson Bay and Okhotsk Sea. Feeding Bowhead whales are a baleen whale, meaning they filter their food. Bowheads have about 600 baleen plates that are up to 14 feet long, illustrating the immense size of the whales head.  Their prey includes planktonic crustaceans such as copepods, plus small invertebrates and fish from the seawater. Reproduction The bowheads breeding season is in late spring/early summer. Once mating occurs, the gestation period is 13-14 months long, after which a single calf is born. At birth, calves are 11-18 feet long weigh about 2,000 pounds. The calf nurses for 9-12 months and isnt sexually mature until it is 20 years old. The bowhead is considered one of the worlds longest-living animals, with evidence showing some bowheads may live to over 200 years. Conservation Status and Human Uses The bowhead whale is listed as species of least concern on the IUCN Red List, as the population is increasing. However, the population, currently estimated at 7,000-10,000 animals, is far lower than the estimated 35,000-50,000 whales that existed before they were decimated by commercial whaling. Whaling of bowheads started in the 1500s, and only about 3,000 bowheads existed by the 1920s. Due to this depletion, the species is still listed as endangered by the U.S. Bowheads are still hunted by native Arctic whalers, who use the meat, baleen, bones and organs for food, art, household goods, and construction. Fifty-three whales were taken in 2014. The International Whaling Commission issues subsistence whaling quotas to the U.S. and Russia to hunt bowheads. References and Further Information: American Cetacean Society. Bowhead Whale Fact Sheet. Accessed June 25, 2010.International Whaling Commission. Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Catches Since 1985. Accessed March 23, 2016.NOAA Fisheries: National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Bowhead Whales, Accessed March 23, 2016.NOAA. Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus). (Online) NOAA Fisheries: Office of Protected Resources. Accessed June 25, 2010.Reilly, S.B., Bannister, J.L., Best, P.B., Brown, M., Brownell Jr., R.L., Butterworth, D.S., Clapham, P.J., Cooke, J., Donovan, G.P., Urbà ¡n, J. Zerbini, A.N. 2008. Balaena mysticetus. (Online) IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. . Accessed on 25 June 2010.Rozell, Ned. 2001. Bowhead Whales May Be the Worlds Oldest Mammals. Alaska Science Forum, February 15, 2001. Accessed June 25, 2010.

The Matrix Fate vs Free Will Essay example - 941 Words

The Matrix, Fate Vs Free Will Fate and free will in the Matrix, fate is non-negotiable as the world is preprogramed. Human actions are predetermined so free will does not exist. When Morpheus offers neo the choice to follow him down the ‘rabbit hole’ or ‘stay in wonderland’ he is offering him the choice between fate and free will. In the scene where Neo first meets the Oracle, there is the possibility of learning what his fate is and his identity. In the final scene, Trinity reveals that she is not afraid to accept her fate in loving Neo; the filmmaker draws attention to the importance of the decision-making, which is at the heart of the fate and free will dichotomy. In the matrix choice is only an illusion the pathway you chose it has†¦show more content†¦There is a close up of the hands. This is symbolic of the fact that everyone has the individual responsibility to have a choice between the real world and an artificial world. This key scene early in the film sets up the tension between fate and free will, which is further explored, in the key scene between Neo and the Oracle. In this scene between Neo and the Oracle the focus is on whether knowing your fate determines your choices. This is clearly shown when Neo breaks a vase and the oracle says ‘what’s really going to bake your noodle later is would you still have broken it if I hadn’t told you about it’. The oracle is traditionally someone who is able to predict the future, in the film she is presented unexpectedly human and motherly and as a guide: ‘take a cookie’ she says. Neo has gone to see her expecting answers and predictions. She offers rather mystery and unsettling projections. She prophesises the death of either Neo or Morpheus. The camera is close up to the oracles face a lot showing that she has nothing to hide from Neo. The oracle is condescending telling Neo what he believes that ‘’you don’t believe in any of this fate crap you’re in control of your own life’ but it isn’t fate that is signally choosing his own path that free will and fate and incorporated together for neo he makes his own decisions regardless of what if fated. In the concluding powerful scene of the movie Trinity faces her own fate. The oracle has told trinity that she ‘will fall inShow MoreRelatedSatan Greatest Battlefield and God’s Greatest Glory1450 Words   |  6 Pagescreated in us free will. We all have an ability to decide what we feel, what we think, and how we act. C.S. Lewis wrote â€Å"God created things which had free will. That means creatures which can go wrong or right. Some people think they can imagine a creature which was free but had no possibility of going wrong, but I cant. 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Different Interpretations Of Religion Essay Example For Students

Different Interpretations Of Religion Essay Nearly everyone has some conception of religion. In fact, sometimes it appears that there are as many definitions of it as there are people (Schmidt 9). Not only does each person have his or her own way of defining religion; each person has his or her own way of practicing religion. Studying these different practices can be difficult. There have been many people who have studied religion and through many different methods. While some people share similar findings, each person has his or her own interpretation of religion. Michael Malloy found three major patterns in his studies of religion. These patterns can be seen in many religions, especially Hinduism. The first pattern Malloy describes is the way each religion contacts the sacred. There are two ways that Hindus contact the sacred. One is through the Vedic Hinduism sacrifice, and the other appears in Upanishadic Hinduism, which is through mystical orientation, where a person seeks union with a reality greater than ones self (Burke 11). The sacrifice follows a scheduled routine in which many priests are present to ensure the events accuracy. The sacrifice is used to contact the gods in an attempt to please them so that they improve relations with the gods. This will help the sacrificer receive things from the gods that he asks for. Usually the sacrificers praised the god for deeds they wanted the gods to repeat, such as the release of rain on the earth (Srauta Sacrifice 76). Often sacrifices dealt with the natural aspects in life, the things the pe ople could not control on their own. In The Katha Upanishad, Nachtketa asks the King of Death for the secret of morality. Ask for cattle, elephants, horses, gold, says the King of Death (Burke 39). Nachtketa declines these offerings so that he may obtain the knowledge of immortality. The King of Death tells him to know Brahman. Brahman is sacred to the Hindus. Through mystical orientation Hindus try to reach this knowledge of Brahman. Often techniques for lessening the sense of ones individual identity (such as seated meditation) help the individual experience a greater unity (Malloy 11). Hindus use seated meditation, yoga, to control the body, senses, breath and mind to reach a state where they can find Brahman. The second pattern Malloy describes is the importance of worldviews in a religion. Each religion has a different way of seeing the world and interpreting experiences. Worldviews include all aspects of life, especially; the nature of sacred reality, morality, and a view of time. Hindus Brahman is an example of s acred reality. They believe Brahman is everywhere and in everything. The True Self is the Brahman that is found in every person. The SelfIt is indestructible, for it is never destroyed. It is not for the love of the husband that a husband is dearly loved. Rather it is for the love of the self that the husband is dearly loved (Burke 20,21). Hindus look for the True Self in every person. Because Brahaman is found everywhere, liberation can be found everywhere. Hinduisms view of morality includes the Law of Karma. This is an impersonal law that regulates morality throughout time. To reward the good and punish the wicked (Burke 22).The Law of Karma plays a role in Hindus view of time. They believe that people are born and reborn during this cycle of Samara and the class, high or low, that a person is reborn into is determined by the Law of Karma. Karma exists constantly because to the Hindus time is on going. Life is an endless cycle that can only be escaped by the knowledge of Brahman. The third pattern is the role of male and female, and how each sex plays a role in the religion. In Hinduism there are male and female gods and they both play a significant role in the beliefs of Classical Hinduism. The god Shiva is the god of destruction, who destroys ignorance and gives Hindus mystical knowledge. Kali is the wife of Shiva, the goddess of time. She is the great mother who creates life only to later destroy life. For each male god there is a female counterpart, and the union between them, sex, is valued as the highest union that people can have. Hindus simulate this union through sexual acts, or Kama Sutra. The valued idea that the god Khrishna made love to 16,000 women in one night demonstrates the Hindus goal of union. The union of being and togetherness, the union of god and goddess, is what Hindus want to simulate because they want that same union with god. The patterns Malloy describes are very evident in Hinduism. Other people have also found commonalities amon g religions. Sigmund Freud, a psychologist, has his own views of the patterns he has found in religion. Hinduism contains the belief of kathenotheism, which means Hindus believe in many gods, but only one god is supreme at a time. Many of the gods represent aspects of nature that the Hindus believe those gods control. Hindus believe that Agni is the god of fire, Varuna is the creator of the cosmos, Rta controls the seasons, and Tvashtri is the god of the volcano. Freud believes that the people prayed to these gods to protect themselves, against the dangers and nature of Fate(Freud 110). Freud feels that this is and illusion, for example the god Tvashtri does not control volcanoes, a volcano has a scientific reason for erupting. Freud believes they created the gods for comfort and to explain the things in nature that they did not have enough scientific knowledge to explain. Therefore Freud does not blame these people for their ignorance, but he feels that they need to be taught the s cientific reasons for why things happen. He recognizes that people are afraid of these elements and that they use gods to comfort their fears. Men are not entirely without assistance. Their scientific knowledge has taught them much (Freud 114). Freud believes if men use the knowledge of science to calm their fears of nature then they would not need religion. Poem Analysis of Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath EssayKarl Marx was an economist who also wrote about religion. Marx did not find religion to be a positive contribution to society. He felt that religion produces a false since of illusionary happiness that causes difficulty for people to accurately evaluate their surroundings. Marx called religion the opiate of the people. He believes that it produces fantasies, it is addictive, and that it removes pain. Marxs Theory applies to Taoism. Marxs ideas say that Tao is a fantasy, which keeps people from progressing in their lives. Taoisms concept of no good and no bad keeps people from trying to improve their lives in society. If people accept the bad things that happen to them, and never try to change them because they believe that good will eventually come out of bad due to the cycle of Tao, then they will never act to improve their lives. If people never try to improve their lives; then people will continue to suffer. Taoism is addicting because every time something goes wrong people resort to it, instead of trying to fix what went wrong. Marx believes Taoism becomes an excuse and it is easier to excuse problems than it is to solve problems, and that is how it becomes addicting. Taoism removes pain because the Taoist belief is that there is no good or bad. If there is no bad, then people do not feel pain. Marx believes that if people do not feel pain then they will not act to rid the pain, and again no progression is made in society. To Marx, all religion must be destroyed, this way people will solve their problems instead of turning towards religion. By solving problems instead of masking them with illusory happiness, the people may truly be happy. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed peoplethe abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is required for their real happiness (Marx 41). For all people religion provides something different. To some, living by way of religious practices is the only way they see fit to live. Religion is an explanation that comforts them. Other people find religion as a paralyzing element in the world, which holds back the cognitive development of people and the development of society. There are no certainties, except that there are no right or wrong views in terms of religious opinions, because every person has his or her own opinion. Bibliography:Works CitedBurke, T. Patrick. The Major Religions. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Inc, 1996. Freud, Sigmund. Religion As a Wishful Fulfillment. Issues in Religion. 2nd ed. Ed. Allie M. Franzier. New York: D. Van Nastrand Co, 1975. Malloy, Michael. Experiencing the Worlds Religions. California: Mayfield Publishing Co, 1999. Marx, Karl. Contribution to the Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right. On Religion. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1955. Schmidt, Roger. Exploring Religion. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co, 1988.

Jimmy Carter Essays (825 words) - Jimmy Carter, Carter Family

Jimmy Carter The Carter Center in Atlanta Georgia is a nonprofit, nonpartisan public institute founded by former U.S. president Jimmy Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, in 1982 (Carter Center). The Center in dedicated to fighting disease, hunger, poverty, conflict, and oppression. At present, the Center operates 13 core programs, which have touched the lives of people in 65 countries, including the U.S. Habitat for Humanity began in 1984 when Carter led a work group to New York City to renovate a six-story building with 19 families in need of descent shelter. Each year, Jimmy and Rosalynn give a week of their time to build homes. "We have become small players in an exciting global effort to alleviate the curse of homelessness," Carter said (Carter and Habitat). As president, Carter was deeply committed to social justice and human rights. He and his wife Rosalynn left the White House in search of meaningful ways to contribute in these areas. Ultimately, Carter focused his work toward charitable contributions, and non-profit work. Jimmy Carter was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. Carter's father, a farmer and businessman, ran a farm products store on the family farm in the rural community of Archery, a few miles west of Plains Georgia ("Jimmy Carter"). The Carters lived in Plains when Jimmy was born. Four years later, they moved to the farm in Archery. Jimmy grew up there and helped with the farm chores during his boyhood. Jimmy went to public school in Plains. His favorite subjects included history, literature, and music. As a teenager, he played on the high school basketball team. In 1941, following graduation from high school, Carter entered Georgia Southwestern College in Americus. In 1942, he was appointed to the United States Navel Academy. Carter met Rosalynn Smith, best friend of his sister Ruth. In the summer after graduation they were married. By the early 1950's Carter and his wife had three sons. In 1962, Carter entered the race for the Democratic nomination for the Georgia Senate. He lost by a few votes, partly because of fraud that included stuffed ballot boxes. Carter pursued his appeals until he was declared the winner of the primary. In spite of all the confusion, Carter won the election. As a state senator, Carter advocated planning in government, and programs to help the poor and the disadvantaged. He was reelected in 1964. In 1971, Carter was inaugurated as governor of Georgia. Carter introduced policies that helped change the government and society. He supported integration, appointed many blacks to posts in state government. During his administration, the number of black appointees on major state boards and agencies increased from 3 to 53. The number of black state employees rose by about 40 per cent. Carter also established a project to honor notable black Georgians. He promoted prison reform and mental health programs. During his term as governor Carter traveled widely and began to believe that he was well qualified to run for president. In late 1974, Carter announced that he was a candidate for president. When Carter began his national campaign, he was not as well known as the other candidates, However, he entered 26 of 27 preferential primaries and finished first in 17 of them ("Jimmy Carter"). At the Democratic convention in New York City in July 1976, Carter received the nomination on the first ballot. As his vice-presidential running mate, he chose Walter F. Mondale, a United States senator from Minnesota. In an inaugural speech that emphasized old-fashioned virtues, Carter quoted from a Plains schoolteacher,: "We must adjust to changing times and still hold to unchanging principles ("Jimmy Carter")." Carter defeated Ford by 1,682,970 popular votes ("Carter World Book"). In 1978, inflation became a major problem. In an attempt to fight inflation, Carter urged businesses to avoid big price increases, but this had little effect on it. During that year, Carter won congressional approval of a national energy program. In 1977, Congress adopted the president's proposal to establish a new executive department, the Department of Energy. The energy legislation was designed largely to reduce U.S. oil imports. The legislation included tax penalties for owners of automobiles that used excessive amounts of gasoline. In March 1980, Carter announced a new program to fight inflation. The program included cuts in federal spending, and a tax on imported oil. This caused the inflation percentage to go down. Carter established many other programs in his later years. The International Democratization and Development included programs such as Commission on Radio and Television Policy, Conflict Resolution, Global Development Initiative, Human Rights Program, and Latin American